Public record
Software health reportschema 0.34.0 · metrics 2.10.0 · 2026-09-16 08:21 UTC

pyca / cryptography

cryptography is a package designed to expose cryptographic primitives and recipes to Python developers.

Python · RustCustom license★ 7,772 stars⑂ 1,823 forkssince Aug 2013View on GitHub ↗
KindLibraryhow this is determined
#python#cryptography

pyca/cryptography holds a health index of 97 out of 100, placing it in the Exceptional band. It scores highest on Vitality (95/100) and lowest on Sustainability & Governance (77/100). It was last updated today. 2 contributors account for most of its recent work.

97
overall / 100
Exceptional

Software health index

Metrics are grouped into weighted categories on one standardized 1–100 scale. Overall starts as their weighted mean, calibrated against the distribution of the public record so bands carry percentile meaning; when public evidence triggers the High-Risk Jurisdiction Policy, the rating is adjusted and receives an At Risk ceiling of 34.

97
Exceptional93-100The record's top tier (≈ top 5%); essentially all checked criteria met
Excellent80-92Strong across the board; minor gaps
Good65-79Healthy; gaps are limited and manageable
Moderate50-64Acceptable with notable gaps; review recommended
Weak35-49Material weaknesses across several areas
At Risk20-34Significant weaknesses; adoption warrants caution
Critical1-19Severe problems (abandoned, single-maintainer, no hygiene)
VitalityCommunity &AdoptionSustainability &GovernanceEngineeringQualitySecurityAI Readiness

Score profile

Each axis is a category. The shape matters more than the average — a healthy subject fills the whole shape, while a spike-and-crater profile means strength in one dimension is masking risk in another.

The weighted overall 85 is calibrated to 97 on the published index scale (record calibration 2026-08-02).

Ownership

Python Cryptographic AuthorityOrganization
275 followers7 public repossince Oct 2013

This repository is backed by an organization — shared, accountable stewardship that can outlive any single maintainer.

Package ecosystems

RegistryPackageVersionDownloads / moVersionsLast publish
PyPIcryptography50.0.1-15921 days ago
PyPIcryptography_vectors50.0.131,85115521 days ago

Metrics by category

Vitality

Is the project alive — is code being written and are releases shipping?

95Exceptional · 21% of overall

Development activity

100Exceptional
How it's scored
36/36Push recency — last push 0 days ago
36/36Commit cadence — 52/52 weeks with commits
18/18Commit volume — 1,885 commits in the last year
10/10OpenSSF Scorecard: Maintained — 30 commit(s) and 1 issue activity found in the last 90 days -- score normalized to 10
Inputs used
commits_last_year1,885
human_commit_share0.19
days_since_last_push0
active_weeks_last_year52

Release discipline

88Excellent
How it's scored
16.2/27Ships releases — 87 version tags (no GitHub releases)
36/36Release recency — latest release 21 days ago
27/27Release cadence — a release every ~23.3 days
0/10OpenSSF Scorecard: Signed-Releases — no data
Inputs used
releases_count87
latest_release_tag50.0.1
releases_from_tagsyes
days_since_latest_release21
mean_days_between_releases23.3
Excluded from scoring (no data or not applicable): OpenSSF Scorecard: Signed-Releases. Remaining weights renormalized.

Community & Adoption

Does the project have users, downloads, attention, and a welcoming setup for contributors?

83Excellent · 17% of overall

Popularity & adoption

97Exceptional
How it's scored
60/60Stars — 7,772 stars
25/25Forks — 1,823 forks
11.8/15Watchers — 131 watchers
Inputs used
forks1,823
stars7,772
watchers131
growth_stateunverified
growth_factor_pct100
growth_unverified_reasonno_history

Community health

72Good
How it's scored
22.5/22.5README
16.9/22.5License — license file present, not a recognized license
18/18CONTRIBUTING guide
0/13.5Code of conduct
7.2/7.2Issue template
0/6.3PR template
Inputs used
has_readmeyes
has_licenseyes
readme_badges3
has_contributingyes
has_issue_templateyes
has_code_of_conductno
readme_badge_servicesgithub.com, readthedocs.org, shields.io
has_pull_request_templateno

Ecosystem adoption (downloads)

75Good
How it's scored
60/80Monthly downloads — 31,851 downloads/month across pypi
0/20Registry dependents — not reported by this ecosystem
Inputs used
packagescryptography, cryptography_vectors
dependents—
ecosystemspypi
total_downloads—
monthly_downloads31,851
unverified_packages_excluded—
Excluded from scoring (no data or not applicable): Registry dependents. Remaining weights renormalized.

Sustainability & Governance

Will the project survive its people — bus factor, responsiveness, who backs it, and package upkeep?

77Good · 23% of overall

Maintainer resilience (bus factor)

61Moderate
How it's scored
25.2/54Bus factor — 2 contributor(s) cover half of all commits
12.5/22.5Commit distribution — top contributor authored 44% of commits
13.5/13.5Contributor breadth — 98 contributors
10/10OpenSSF Scorecard: Contributors — project has 81 contributing companies or organizations
Inputs used
bus_factor2
contributors_sampled98
top_contributor_share0.443

Issue & PR responsiveness

90Excellent
How it's scored
41.7/42Issue resolution — 99% of issues closed
27.2/30PR acceptance — 11,499/12,679 decided PRs merged
6.5/13Newcomer PR acceptance — 1/2 first-time contributors' PRs merged in 30d
15/15OpenSSF Scorecard: Code-Review — all changesets reviewed
Inputs used
merged_prs11,499
open_issues17
closed_issues2,860
prs_merged_7d7
prs_decided_7d7
prs_merged_30d12
prs_decided_30d16
issue_closed_ratio0.994
closed_unmerged_prs1,180
first_time_authors_30d2
first_time_prs_merged_30d1
first_time_prs_decided_30d2

Ownership & stewardship

66Good
How it's scored
30/30Ownership backing — organization-owned
0/20Verified domain
17.5/25Owner reach — 275 followers of pyca
18.6/25Track record — 7 public repos, account ~12 yr old
Inputs used
followers275
owner_typeOrganization
is_verifiedno
owner_loginpyca
public_repos7
account_age_days4,729

Package maintenance

100Exceptional
How it's scored
25/25Published & resolvable — 2 package(s) on pypi
35/35Publish recency — latest publish 21 days ago
20/20Version history — 159 published versions
20/20Not deprecated — active, not deprecated or yanked
Inputs used
packagescryptography, cryptography_vectors
ecosystemspypi
any_deprecatedno
min_days_since_publish21

Engineering Quality

Are baseline engineering and documentation practices in place?

86Excellent · 19% of overall

Engineering practices

84Excellent
How it's scored
24/24CI workflows — 10 workflow(s)
24/24Tests present
16/16Linter config — pyproject.toml ([tool.ruff])
0/9.6Pre-commit hooks
0/6.4.editorconfig
20/20OpenSSF Scorecard: CI-Tests — 30 out of 30 merged PRs checked by a CI test -- score normalized to 10
Inputs used
has_ciyes
has_testsyes
has_editorconfigno
has_linter_configyes
has_precommit_configno

Documentation

90Excellent
How it's scored
30/30README
25/25Documentation directory
15/15Documentation / homepage site — https://cryptography.io
10/10Repository description
10/10Topics — 2 topics
0/10Wiki
Inputs used
topicspython, cryptography
has_wikino
homepagehttps://cryptography.io
docs_sitehttps://cryptography.io
has_readmeyes
has_docs_diryes
has_descriptionyes

Security

Are visible security and supply-chain practices strong, without unresolved high-risk jurisdiction exposure?

85Excellent · 16% of overall

Security posture

81Excellent
How it's scored
7.5/7.5Binary-Artifacts — no binaries found in the repo
0/7.5Branch-Protection — no data
2.5/2.5CI-Tests — 30 out of 30 merged PRs checked by a CI test -- score normalized to 10
0/2.5CII-Best-Practices — no effort to earn an OpenSSF best practices badge detected
7.5/7.5Code-Review — all changesets reviewed
2.5/2.5Contributors — project has 81 contributing companies or organizations
10/10Dangerous-Workflow — no dangerous workflow patterns detected
7.5/7.5Dependency-Update-Tool — update tool detected
5/5Fuzzing — project is fuzzed
2.2/2.5License — license file detected
7.5/7.5Maintained — 30 commit(s) and 1 issue activity found in the last 90 days -- score normalized to 10
0/5Packaging — no data
3.5/5Pinned-Dependencies — dependency not pinned by hash detected -- score normalized to 7
0/5SAST — SAST tool is not run on all commits -- score normalized to 0
5/5Security-Policy — security policy file detected
0/7.5Signed-Releases — no data
6.8/7.5Token-Permissions — detected GitHub workflow tokens with excessive permissions
1.5/7.5Vulnerabilities — 8 existing vulnerabilities detected
Inputs used
sourceopenssf_scorecard
checks_evaluated15
scorecard_versionv5.5.0
checks_inconclusive3
scorecard_aggregate8.1
Excluded from scoring (no data or not applicable): Branch-Protection, Packaging, Signed-Releases. Remaining weights renormalized.

Dependency advisories

100Exceptional
How it's scored
35/35Direct dependencies free of known advisories — no direct dependency carries a known advisory
25/25Indirect dependencies free of known advisories — no indirect dependency carries a known advisory
0/40No advisories left outstanding — no advisory carries a publication date
Inputs used
sourceosv
advisories0
affected_packages0
assessed_packages2
unassessed_packages0
affected_by_severitynone
direct_affected_packages0
Excluded from scoring (no data or not applicable): No advisories left outstanding. Remaining weights renormalized. Matched the pypi:cryptography@50.0.1 runtime dependency closure — what installing the published package pulls in — 2 packages. Reachability is not analyzed.

AI Readiness

How well is the repo equipped to be developed and maintained with AI coding agents? Carries a deliberately small weight (4%): agent tooling is a real maintenance signal, but a repository with none can still reach 100/100.

86Excellent · 4% of overall

Agent context & guidance

75Good
How it's scored
45/45Agent instructions — AGENTS.md, CLAUDE.md
0/15Machine-readable docs (llms.txt)
0/40Legible commit history — no data
Inputs used
has_llms_txtno
llms_txt_url—
legible_history_share—
agent_instruction_filesAGENTS.md, CLAUDE.md
agent_instruction_max_bytes1,097
Excluded from scoring (no data or not applicable): Legible commit history. Remaining weights renormalized.

Verify loop (build / test / typecheck)

97Exceptional
How it's scored
18/18One-command bootstrap — docs/Makefile, noxfile.py
22/22Automated tests
11/11Lint / format config — pyproject.toml ([tool.ruff])
11/11Static type checking — src/cryptography/py.typed, vectors/cryptography_vectors/py.typed
10/10Reproducible environment — lockfile
10/10Demonstrated agent practice — 16 of the last 100 commits agent-authored or agent-credited
8/8Automated maintenance — 41 of the last 100 commits are automated dependency updates
7/10OpenSSF Scorecard: Pinned-Dependencies — dependency not pinned by hash detected -- score normalized to 7
Inputs used
has_nixno
has_testsyes
lockfilesCargo.lock
has_dockerfileno
typed_languageno
bootstrap_filesdocs/Makefile, noxfile.py
has_devcontainerno
has_linter_configyes
typecheck_configssrc/cryptography/py.typed, vectors/cryptography_vectors/py.typed
agent_commit_share0.16
toolchain_manifestsCargo.toml, docs/development/custom-vectors/aes-192-gcm-siv/verify-aes192gcmsiv/Cargo.toml, docs/development/custom-vectors/rc2/go.mod, src/rust/Cargo.toml, src/rust/cryptography-cffi/Cargo.toml, src/rust/cryptography-crypto/Cargo.toml, src/rust/cryptography-keepalive/Cargo.toml, src/rust/cryptography-key-parsing/Cargo.toml, src/rust/cryptography-openssl/Cargo.toml, src/rust/cryptography-x509-verification/Cargo.toml, src/rust/cryptography-x509/Cargo.toml
dependency_bot_commit_share0.41

Code legibility for models

80Excellent
How it's scored
27/45Type-checkable code — Python with type-check config (src/cryptography/py.typed, vectors/cryptography_vectors/py.typed)
53.3/55Manageable file sizes — 11/358 source files over 60KB
Inputs used
primary_languagePython
largest_source_bytes282,840
source_files_sampled358
oversized_source_files11

Key facts

7,772GitHub stars
98contributors
1,885commits, last 12 months
0days since last push
87releases
2bus factor
17open issues
crates.io, PyPIpackage ecosystems

Data collection warnings

  • Star history unavailable: GitHub GraphQL error: Resource not accessible by personal access token
  • pypi download statistics for 'cryptography' unavailable this scan (stats endpoint failed after retries); adoption may be under-evidenced
  • pypi download statistics for 'cryptography_vectors' unavailable this scan (stats endpoint failed after retries); adoption may be under-evidenced
  • pypi download figures for cryptography_vectors carried forward from the previous scan (stats endpoint unavailable this scan)

More detail

Star and fork history 0 ★ / 1,823 ⇿
0Stars
1,823Forks
68Releases

When each star and fork was added, collected from GitHub and bucketed by day. Cumulative growth sits directly above the daily additions it is made of, so the two read against each other: steady organic accretion looks nothing like an abrupt, short-lived burst. Where that difference is measurable, it is reported as growth authenticity.

Only the most recent history is shown — this repository exceeds the collection window, so the earliest history is not captured.

5001,0001,5002,0001,823392021-072024-022026-09
Major 16Minor 0Patch 52

Each point covers 5 days.

OpenSSF Scorecard 8.1 / 10
8.1aggregate

Independent, tool-agnostic security assessment from the open-source OpenSSF Scorecard. Each check rewards a security practice, not a specific vendor's tool. Checks Scorecard could not determine are marked n/a and excluded from the security score (never counted as zero).Scorecard v5.5.0 · 2026-09-16 08:20 UTC

10Binary-Artifactsno binaries found in the repo
n/aBranch-Protectioninternal error: error during branchesHandler.setup: internal error: some github tokens can't read classic branch protection rules: https://github.com/ossf/scorecard-action/blob/main/docs/authentication/fine-grained-auth-token.md
10CI-Tests30 out of 30 merged PRs checked by a CI test -- score normalized to 10
0CII-Best-Practicesno effort to earn an OpenSSF best practices badge detected
10Code-Reviewall changesets reviewed
10Contributorsproject has 81 contributing companies or organizations
10Dangerous-Workflowno dangerous workflow patterns detected
10Dependency-Update-Toolupdate tool detected
10Fuzzingproject is fuzzed
9Licenselicense file detected
10Maintained30 commit(s) and 1 issue activity found in the last 90 days -- score normalized to 10
n/aPackagingpackaging workflow not detected
7Pinned-Dependenciesdependency not pinned by hash detected -- score normalized to 7
0SASTSAST tool is not run on all commits -- score normalized to 0
10Security-Policysecurity policy file detected
n/aSigned-Releasesno releases found
9Token-Permissionsdetected GitHub workflow tokens with excessive permissions
2Vulnerabilities8 existing vulnerabilities detected
Direct dependencies 2
RegistryPackageVersion constraintManifest
PyPIcffi>=2.0.0pyproject.toml
PyPItyping-extensions>=4.13.2pyproject.toml
All dependencies 110

Full resolved dependency set from the GitHub dependency graph: 4 direct and 106 indirect (transitive) packages. The transitive closure is complete when the repository commits a lockfile.

RegistryPackageVersionRelation
PyPIcffi—direct
PyPIcffi2.1.1direct
PyPItyping-extensions—direct
PyPItyping-extensions4.16.0direct
crates.ioaes—indirect
crates.ioaes-gcm-siv—indirect
crates.ioasn10.24.1indirect
crates.ioasn1_derive0.24.1indirect
crates.iobase640.23.1indirect
crates.iobitflags2.13.2indirect
crates.iocc1.4.6indirect
crates.iocfg-if1.0.4indirect
crates.iofind-msvc-tools0.1.12indirect
crates.ioforeign-types0.3.2indirect
crates.ioforeign-types-shared0.1.1indirect
crates.ioheck0.5.0indirect
crates.iohex—indirect
crates.ioitoa1.0.18indirect
crates.iolibc0.2.189indirect
crates.ioonce_cell1.21.4indirect
crates.ioopenssl0.10.81indirect
crates.ioopenssl-macros0.1.1indirect
crates.ioopenssl-sys0.9.117indirect
crates.iopem4.0.0indirect
crates.iopkg-config0.3.34indirect
crates.ioportable-atomic1.15.0indirect
crates.ioproc-macro21.0.107indirect
crates.iopyo30.29.2indirect
crates.iopyo3-build-config0.29.2indirect
crates.iopyo3-ffi0.29.2indirect
crates.iopyo3-macros0.29.2indirect
crates.iopyo3-macros-backend0.29.2indirect
crates.ioquote1.0.47indirect
crates.ioself_cell1.3.0indirect
crates.ioshlex2.0.1indirect
crates.iosyn2.0.119indirect
crates.iotarget-lexicon0.13.5indirect
crates.iounicode-ident1.0.24indirect
crates.iovcpkg0.2.15indirect
PyPIalabaster1.0.0indirect
PyPIargcomplete3.7.2indirect
PyPIast-serialize0.11.2indirect
PyPIattrs26.1.0indirect
PyPIbabel2.18.0indirect
PyPIbcrypt—indirect
PyPIbuild1.6.1indirect
PyPIcertifi2026.7.22indirect
PyPIcharset-normalizer3.5.1indirect
PyPIcheck-sdist1.6.0indirect
PyPIclick8.5.0indirect
PyPIcolorama0.4.6indirect
PyPIcolorlog6.12.0indirect
PyPIcoverage7.16.1indirect
PyPIdependency-groups1.3.2indirect
PyPIdistlib0.4.3indirect
PyPIdocutils0.22.4indirect
PyPIexecnet2.1.2indirect
PyPIfilelock3.32.6indirect
PyPIhumanize4.16.0indirect
PyPIidna3.19indirect
PyPIimagesize2.0.1indirect
PyPIiniconfig2.3.0indirect
PyPIjinja23.1.6indirect
PyPIlibrt0.15.0indirect
PyPImarkupsafe3.0.3indirect
PyPImaturin—indirect
PyPImaturin1.14.1indirect
PyPImypy2.3.1indirect
PyPImypy-extensions1.1.0indirect
PyPInh30.3.7indirect
PyPInox2026.8.17indirect
PyPIpackaging26.3indirect
PyPIpathspec1.1.1indirect
PyPIplatformdirs4.11.8indirect
PyPIpluggy1.6.0indirect
PyPIpretend1.0.9indirect
PyPIpy-cpuinfo210.1.1indirect
PyPIpycparser3.0indirect
PyPIpyenchant3.3.0indirect
PyPIpygments2.21.0indirect
PyPIpyproject-hooks1.2.0indirect
PyPIpytest9.1.1indirect
PyPIpytest-benchmark5.3.0indirect
PyPIpytest-cov7.1.0indirect
PyPIpytest-randomly5.0.0indirect
PyPIpytest-xdist3.8.0indirect
PyPIpython-discovery1.6.0indirect
PyPIreadme-renderer46.0indirect
PyPIrequests2.34.2indirect
PyPIroman-numerals4.1.0indirect
PyPIruff0.16.7indirect
PyPIsetuptools—indirect
PyPIsetuptools84.0.0indirect
PyPIsnowballstemmer3.1.1indirect
PyPIsphinx8.1.3indirect
PyPIsphinx-inline-tabs2025.12.21.14indirect
PyPIsphinx-rtd-theme3.1.0indirect
PyPIsphinxcontrib-applehelp2.0.0indirect
PyPIsphinxcontrib-devhelp2.0.0indirect
PyPIsphinxcontrib-htmlhelp2.1.0indirect
PyPIsphinxcontrib-jquery4.1indirect
PyPIsphinxcontrib-jsmath1.0.1indirect
PyPIsphinxcontrib-qthelp2.0.0indirect
PyPIsphinxcontrib-serializinghtml2.0.0indirect
PyPIsphinxcontrib-spelling8.0.2indirect
PyPIurllib32.7.0indirect
PyPIuv0.12.14indirect
PyPIuv-build—indirect
PyPIuv-build0.12.5indirect
PyPIvirtualenv21.7.9indirect
Dependency advisories 0

Installing pypi:cryptography@50.0.1 pulls in 2 packages, direct and transitive: 0 carry known advisories, of which 0 are direct dependencies.

No known advisories affect the assessed dependencies.

An advisory means the version recorded in the dependency graph falls inside an advisory’s affected range. Reachability is not analysed, and the graph includes development and test pins — a finding may concern tooling rather than shipped software.

Raw JSON report machine-readable

Feedback

Spotted something off in this report, or have thoughts to share? Wrong measurements, missed tooling, ideas, questions — anything is welcome. Every message is read and gets a response.

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Scores are signals, not warranties. They reflect publicly visible practices on GitHub — not a code audit, and not a security guarantee.

Missing data is excluded and weights renormalized, never scored as zero. Methodology is versioned and open: metrics v2.10.0, schema v0.34.0 — full methodology · metrics wiki.

How one result sits in the wider record: aggregate statistics — PyPI.