Public record
Software health reportschema 0.11.0 · metrics 2.10.0 · 2026-07-15 23:58 UTC

narwhals-dev / narwhals

Lightweight and extensible compatibility layer between dataframe libraries!

PythonMIT★ 1,683 stars⑂ 210 forkssince Feb 2024View on GitHub ↗
KindLibraryhow this is determined
#cudf#ibis#pandas#polars#pyarrow#dask#duckdb#pyspark

narwhals-dev/narwhals holds a health index of 96 out of 100, placing it in the Exceptional band. It scores highest on Vitality (99/100) and lowest on AI Readiness (60/100). It was last updated today. A single contributor accounts for most of its recent work.

96
overall / 100
Exceptional

Software health index

Metrics are grouped into weighted categories on one standardized 1–100 scale. Overall starts as their weighted mean, calibrated against the distribution of the public record so bands carry percentile meaning; when public evidence triggers the High-Risk Jurisdiction Policy, the rating is adjusted and receives an At Risk ceiling of 34.

96
Exceptional93-100The record's top tier (≈ top 5%); essentially all checked criteria met
Excellent80-92Strong across the board; minor gaps
Good65-79Healthy; gaps are limited and manageable
Moderate50-64Acceptable with notable gaps; review recommended
Weak35-49Material weaknesses across several areas
At Risk20-34Significant weaknesses; adoption warrants caution
Critical1-19Severe problems (abandoned, single-maintainer, no hygiene)
VitalityCommunity &AdoptionSustainability &GovernanceEngineeringQualitySecurityAI Readiness

Score profile

Each axis is a category. The shape matters more than the average — a healthy subject fills the whole shape, while a spike-and-crater profile means strength in one dimension is masking risk in another.

The weighted overall 83 is calibrated to 96 on the published index scale (record calibration 2026-08-02).

Ownership

narwhals-devOrganization
33 followers5 public repossince May 2024

This repository is backed by an organization — shared, accountable stewardship that can outlive any single maintainer.

Package ecosystems

RegistryPackageVersionDownloads / moVersionsLast publishTags
PyPInarwhals2.24.0-2412 days agodataframesinteroperabilitypandaspolarspyarrowdaskmodincudf

Metrics by category

Vitality

Is the project alive — is code being written and are releases shipping?

99Exceptional · 21% of overall

Development activity

100Exceptional
How it's scored
36/36Push recency — last push 0 days ago
36/36Commit cadence — 52/52 weeks with commits
18/18Commit volume — 525 commits in the last year
10/10OpenSSF Scorecard: Maintained — 30 commit(s) and 19 issue activity found in the last 90 days -- score normalized to 10
Inputs used
commits_last_year525
human_commit_share—
days_since_last_push0
active_weeks_last_year52

Release discipline

98Exceptional
How it's scored
27/27Ships releases — 100 releases published
36/36Release recency — latest release 2 days ago
27/27Release cadence — a release every ~13.9 days
8/10OpenSSF Scorecard: Signed-Releases — 5 out of the last 5 releases have a total of 5 signed artifacts.
Inputs used
releases_count100
latest_release_tagv2.24.0
releases_from_tagsno
days_since_latest_release2
mean_days_between_releases13.9

Community & Adoption

Does the project have users, downloads, attention, and a welcoming setup for contributors?

84Excellent · 17% of overall

Popularity & adoption

77Good
How it's scored
52.3/60Stars — 1,683 stars
19.3/25Forks — 210 forks
5.6/15Watchers — 11 watchers
Inputs used
forks210
stars1,683
watchers11
growth_stateunverified
growth_factor_pct100
growth_unverified_reasonno_history

Community health

92Excellent
How it's scored
22.5/22.5README
22.5/22.5License — recognized license (MIT)
18/18CONTRIBUTING guide
13.5/13.5Code of conduct
0/7.2Issue template
6.3/6.3PR template
Inputs used
has_readmeyes
has_licenseyes
readme_badges—
has_contributingyes
has_issue_templateno
has_code_of_conductyes
readme_badge_services—
has_pull_request_templateyes

Sustainability & Governance

Will the project survive its people — bus factor, responsiveness, who backs it, and package upkeep?

69Good · 23% of overall

Maintainer resilience (bus factor)

43Weak
How it's scored
9/54Bus factor — 1 contributor(s) cover half of all commits
10.9/22.5Commit distribution — top contributor authored 51% of commits
13.5/13.5Contributor breadth — 100 contributors
10/10OpenSSF Scorecard: Contributors — project has 28 contributing companies or organizations
Inputs used
bus_factor1
contributors_sampled100
top_contributor_share0.514

Issue & PR responsiveness

82Excellent
How it's scored
34.1/42Issue resolution — 81% of issues closed
27.9/30PR acceptance — 2,544/2,735 decided PRs merged
0/13Newcomer PR acceptance — no first-time contributor's PR decided in 30d
9/15OpenSSF Scorecard: Code-Review — Found 14/22 approved changesets -- score normalized to 6
Inputs used
merged_prs2,544
open_issues189
closed_issues809
prs_merged_7d—
prs_decided_7d—
prs_merged_30d—
prs_decided_30d—
issue_closed_ratio0.811
closed_unmerged_prs191
first_time_authors_30d—
first_time_prs_merged_30d—
first_time_prs_decided_30d—
Excluded from scoring (no data or not applicable): Newcomer PR acceptance. Remaining weights renormalized.

Ownership & stewardship

64Moderate
How it's scored
30/30Ownership backing — organization-owned
0/20Verified domain — verified-domain status not read for this organization
11/25Owner reach — 33 followers of narwhals-dev
10/25Track record — 5 public repos, account ~2 yr old
Inputs used
followers33
owner_typeOrganization
is_verified—
owner_loginnarwhals-dev
public_repos5
account_age_days800
Excluded from scoring (no data or not applicable): Verified domain. Remaining weights renormalized.

Package maintenance

100Exceptional
How it's scored
25/25Published & resolvable — 1 package(s) on pypi
35/35Publish recency — latest publish 2 days ago
20/20Version history — 241 published versions
20/20Not deprecated — active, not deprecated or yanked
Inputs used
packagesnarwhals
ecosystemspypi
any_deprecatedno
min_days_since_publish2

Engineering Quality

Are baseline engineering and documentation practices in place?

95Exceptional · 19% of overall

Engineering practices

92Excellent
How it's scored
24/24CI workflows — 19 workflow(s)
24/24Tests present
16/16Linter config
9.6/9.6Pre-commit hooks
0/6.4.editorconfig
18/20OpenSSF Scorecard: CI-Tests — 29 out of 30 merged PRs checked by a CI test -- score normalized to 9
Inputs used
has_ciyes
has_testsyes
has_editorconfigno
has_linter_configyes
has_precommit_configyes

Documentation

100Exceptional
How it's scored
30/30README
25/25Documentation directory
15/15Documentation / homepage site — https://narwhals-dev.github.io/narwhals/
10/10Repository description
10/10Topics — 8 topics
10/10Wiki
Inputs used
topicscudf, ibis, pandas, polars, pyarrow, dask, duckdb, pyspark
has_wikiyes
homepagehttps://narwhals-dev.github.io/narwhals/
docs_sitehttps://narwhals-dev.github.io/narwhals/
has_readmeyes
has_docs_diryes
has_descriptionyes

Security

Are visible security and supply-chain practices strong, without unresolved high-risk jurisdiction exposure?

72Good · 16% of overall

Security posture

72Good
How it's scored
7.5/7.5Binary-Artifacts — no binaries found in the repo
4.5/7.5Branch-Protection — branch protection is not maximal on development and all release branches
2.2/2.5CI-Tests — 29 out of 30 merged PRs checked by a CI test -- score normalized to 9
0.5/2.5CII-Best-Practices — badge detected: InProgress
4.5/7.5Code-Review — Found 14/22 approved changesets -- score normalized to 6
2.5/2.5Contributors — project has 28 contributing companies or organizations
10/10Dangerous-Workflow — no dangerous workflow patterns detected
7.5/7.5Dependency-Update-Tool — update tool detected
0/5Fuzzing — project is not fuzzed
2.5/2.5License — license file detected
7.5/7.5Maintained — 30 commit(s) and 19 issue activity found in the last 90 days -- score normalized to 10
5/5Packaging — packaging workflow detected
4.5/5Pinned-Dependencies — dependency not pinned by hash detected -- score normalized to 9
4.5/5SAST — SAST tool detected but not run on all commits
5/5Security-Policy — security policy file detected
6/7.5Signed-Releases — 5 out of the last 5 releases have a total of 5 signed artifacts.
0/7.5Token-Permissions — detected GitHub workflow tokens with excessive permissions
1.5/7.5Vulnerabilities — 8 existing vulnerabilities detected
Inputs used
sourceopenssf_scorecard
checks_evaluated18
scorecard_versionv5.5.0
checks_inconclusive0
scorecard_aggregate7.2

AI Readiness

How well is the repo equipped to be developed and maintained with AI coding agents? Carries a deliberately small weight (4%): agent tooling is a real maintenance signal, but a repository with none can still reach 100/100.

60Moderate · 4% of overall

Agent context & guidance

1Critical
How it's scored
0/45Agent instructions — no CLAUDE.md / AGENTS.md / editor rules
0/15Machine-readable docs (llms.txt)
0/40Legible commit history — no data
Inputs used
has_llms_txtno
llms_txt_url—
legible_history_share—
agent_instruction_files—
agent_instruction_max_bytes—
Excluded from scoring (no data or not applicable): Legible commit history. Remaining weights renormalized.

Verify loop (build / test / typecheck)

96Exceptional
How it's scored
18/18One-command bootstrap — Makefile
22/22Automated tests
11/11Lint / format config
11/11Static type checking — packages/test-plugin/src/test_plugin/py.typed, src/narwhals/py.typed
10/10Reproducible environment — lockfile
0/10Demonstrated agent practice — no data
5/8Automated maintenance — dependency automation configured, none observed in the sampled commits
9/10OpenSSF Scorecard: Pinned-Dependencies — dependency not pinned by hash detected -- score normalized to 9
Inputs used
has_nixno
has_testsyes
lockfilesuv.lock
has_dockerfileno
typed_languageno
bootstrap_filesMakefile
has_devcontainerno
has_linter_configyes
typecheck_configspackages/test-plugin/src/test_plugin/py.typed, src/narwhals/py.typed
agent_commit_share—
toolchain_manifests—
dependency_bot_commit_share0
Excluded from scoring (no data or not applicable): Demonstrated agent practice. Remaining weights renormalized.

Code legibility for models

82Excellent
How it's scored
27/45Type-checkable code — Python with type-check config (packages/test-plugin/src/test_plugin/py.typed, src/narwhals/py.typed)
54.5/55Manageable file sizes — 5/524 source files over 60KB
Inputs used
primary_languagePython
largest_source_bytes138,414
source_files_sampled524
oversized_source_files5

Key facts

1,683GitHub stars
100contributors
525commits, last 12 months
0days since last push
100releases
1bus factor
189open issues
PyPIpackage ecosystems

More detail

OpenSSF Scorecard 7.2 / 10
7.2aggregate

Independent, tool-agnostic security assessment from the open-source OpenSSF Scorecard. Each check rewards a security practice, not a specific vendor's tool. Checks Scorecard could not determine are marked n/a and excluded from the security score (never counted as zero).Scorecard v5.5.0 · 2026-07-15 23:58 UTC

10Binary-Artifactsno binaries found in the repo
6Branch-Protectionbranch protection is not maximal on development and all release branches
9CI-Tests29 out of 30 merged PRs checked by a CI test -- score normalized to 9
2CII-Best-Practicesbadge detected: InProgress
6Code-ReviewFound 14/22 approved changesets -- score normalized to 6
10Contributorsproject has 28 contributing companies or organizations
10Dangerous-Workflowno dangerous workflow patterns detected
10Dependency-Update-Toolupdate tool detected
0Fuzzingproject is not fuzzed
10Licenselicense file detected
10Maintained30 commit(s) and 19 issue activity found in the last 90 days -- score normalized to 10
10Packagingpackaging workflow detected
9Pinned-Dependenciesdependency not pinned by hash detected -- score normalized to 9
9SASTSAST tool detected but not run on all commits
10Security-Policysecurity policy file detected
8Signed-Releases5 out of the last 5 releases have a total of 5 signed artifacts.
0Token-Permissionsdetected GitHub workflow tokens with excessive permissions
2Vulnerabilities8 existing vulnerabilities detected
All dependencies 175

Full resolved dependency set from the GitHub dependency graph: 0 direct and 175 indirect (transitive) packages. The transitive closure is complete when the repository commits a lockfile.

RegistryPackageVersionRelation
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PyPIcachetools7.1.4indirect
PyPIclick8.4.2indirect
PyPIcloudpickle3.1.2indirect
PyPIcolorama0.4.6indirect
PyPIcovdefaults2.3.0indirect
PyPIcoverage7.15.1indirect
PyPIcuda-bindings12.9.7indirect
PyPIcuda-core0.7.0indirect
PyPIcuda-pathfinder1.5.6indirect
PyPIcuda-python12.9.7indirect
PyPIcuda-toolkit12.9.2.0indirect
PyPIcudf-cu12—indirect
PyPIcudf-cu1226.2.1indirect
PyPIcudf-cu1226.6.0indirect
PyPIcupy-cuda12x14.1.1indirect
PyPIdask—indirect
PyPIdask2024.10.0indirect
PyPIdask2026.7.1indirect
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PyPIduckdb—indirect
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PyPIduckdb1.2.0indirect
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PyPIexecnet2.1.2indirect
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PyPIghp-import2.1.0indirect
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PyPIibis-framework—indirect
PyPIibis-framework12.0.0indirect
PyPIimportlib-metadata9.0.0indirect
PyPIiniconfig2.3.0indirect
PyPIjinja23.1.6indirect
PyPIjoblib1.5.3indirect
PyPIlibcudf-cu1226.2.1indirect
PyPIlibcudf-cu1226.6.0indirect
PyPIlibkvikio-cu1226.2.0indirect
PyPIlibkvikio-cu1226.6.0indirect
PyPIlibrmm-cu1226.2.0indirect
PyPIlibrmm-cu1226.6.0indirect
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PyPImarkdown-exec1.12.3indirect
PyPImarkdown-it-py4.2.0indirect
PyPImarkupsafe3.0.3indirect
PyPImdurl0.1.2indirect
PyPImergedeep1.3.4indirect
PyPImkdocs1.6.1indirect
PyPImkdocs-autorefs1.4.4indirect
PyPImkdocs-get-deps0.2.2indirect
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PyPImkdocstrings-python—indirect
PyPImkdocstrings-python2.0.5indirect
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PyPInarwhals2.24.0indirect
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PyPInumba0.61.2indirect
PyPInumba0.64.0indirect
PyPInumba-cuda0.22.2indirect
PyPInumba-cuda0.28.2indirect
PyPInumpy1.21.4indirect
PyPInumpy1.22.0indirect
PyPInumpy1.24.4indirect
PyPInumpy2.2.6indirect
PyPInumpy2.4.6indirect
PyPInumpy2.5.1indirect
PyPInvidia-cuda-cccl-cu1212.9.27indirect
PyPInvidia-cuda-nvcc-cu1212.9.86indirect
PyPInvidia-cuda-nvrtc-cu1212.9.86indirect
PyPInvidia-cuda-runtime-cu1212.9.79indirect
PyPInvidia-libnvcomp-cu125.1.0.21indirect
PyPInvidia-libnvcomp-cu125.2.0.13indirect
PyPInvidia-nvjitlink-cu1212.9.86indirect
PyPInvtx0.2.15indirect
PyPIpackaging26.2indirect
PyPIpandas—indirect
PyPIpandas1.3.4indirect
PyPIpandas1.4.1indirect
PyPIpandas2.0.3indirect
PyPIpandas2.3.3indirect
PyPIpandas3.0.3indirect
PyPIpandas-stubs2.3.0.250703indirect
PyPIparsy2.2indirect
PyPIpartd1.4.2indirect
PyPIpathspec1.1.1indirect
PyPIplatformdirs4.10.0indirect
PyPIpluggy1.6.0indirect
PyPIpolars—indirect
PyPIpolars0.20.4indirect
PyPIpolars0.20.8indirect
PyPIpolars1.42.1indirect
PyPIpolars-runtime-321.42.1indirect
PyPIprek0.4.9indirect
PyPIprettytable3.18.0indirect
PyPIprotobuf7.35.1indirect
PyPIpsutil7.2.2indirect
PyPIpy4j0.10.9.7indirect
PyPIpyarrow—indirect
PyPIpyarrow13.0.0indirect
PyPIpyarrow14.0.0indirect
PyPIpyarrow15.0.0indirect
PyPIpyarrow23.0.1indirect
PyPIpyarrow25.0.0indirect
PyPIpyarrow-hotfix0.7indirect
PyPIpyarrow-stubs10.0.1.9indirect
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PyPIpygments-ansi-color0.3.0indirect
PyPIpylibcudf-cu1226.2.1indirect
PyPIpylibcudf-cu1226.6.0indirect
PyPIpymdown-extensions11.0.1indirect
PyPIpyrefly1.0.0indirect
PyPIpyrefly1.1.1indirect
PyPIpyright1.1.411indirect
PyPIpyspark—indirect
PyPIpyspark3.5.0indirect
PyPIpytest9.1.1indirect
PyPIpytest-cov7.1.0indirect
PyPIpytest-env1.6.0indirect
PyPIpytest-randomly4.1.0indirect
PyPIpytest-xdist3.8.0indirect
PyPIpython-dateutil2.9.0.post0indirect
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PyPIpytz2026.2indirect
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PyPIpyyaml-env-tag1.1indirect
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PyPIrich15.0.0indirect
PyPIrmm-cu1226.2.0indirect
PyPIrmm-cu1226.6.0indirect
PyPIruff0.15.21indirect
PyPIscikit-learn1.1.0indirect
PyPIscikit-learn1.3.0indirect
PyPIscikit-learn1.7.2indirect
PyPIscikit-learn1.9.0indirect
PyPIscipy1.15.3indirect
PyPIscipy1.17.1indirect
PyPIscipy1.18.0indirect
PyPIscipy1.7.3indirect
PyPIscipy1.8.0indirect
PyPIsetuptools83.0.0indirect
PyPIsix1.17.0indirect
PyPIsortedcontainers2.4.0indirect
PyPIsqlframe—indirect
PyPIsqlframe4.3.0indirect
PyPIsqlglot30.11.0indirect
PyPIsqlparse0.5.5indirect
PyPItest-plugin0.1.0indirect
PyPIthreadpoolctl3.6.0indirect
PyPItomli2.4.1indirect
PyPItoolz1.1.0indirect
PyPItypes-pytz2026.2.0.20260518indirect
PyPItyping-extensions4.15.0indirect
PyPItzdata2026.3indirect
PyPIuv-build—indirect
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PyPIwcwidth0.8.2indirect
PyPIzensical—indirect
PyPIzensical0.0.50indirect
PyPIzipp4.1.0indirect
Raw JSON report machine-readable

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Scores are signals, not warranties. They reflect publicly visible practices on GitHub — not a code audit, and not a security guarantee.

Missing data is excluded and weights renormalized, never scored as zero. Methodology is versioned and open: metrics v2.10.0, schema v0.11.0 — full methodology · metrics wiki.

How one result sits in the wider record: aggregate statistics — PyPI.